Wealth has shifted across centuries. Here are six cities, ordered by the era when each reached its peak.
1. Baghdad, Iraq (9th–10th centuries)
During the Islamic Golden Age, Baghdad became a global center for trade, science, mathematics, and literature. Historians believe it may have been the largest and wealthiest city in the world at the time.
2. Constantinople, Turkey (10th–12th centuries)
Sitting between Europe and Asia, Constantinople controlled some of the most valuable trade routes in history. For centuries, it was one of the richest and most important cities on Earth.
3. Timbuktu, Mali (14th–15th centuries)
Timbuktu grew rich thanks to its position on major trade routes linking West Africa, North Africa, and the Middle East. Gold, salt, and scholarship flowed through the city, making it legendary.
4. Venice, Italy (15th–16th centuries)
At its peak, Venice dominated trade between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Wealth from spices, silk, and shipping financed the grand canals and landmarks visitors still admire today.
5. Amsterdam, Netherlands (17th century)
For a brief period in the 1600s, Amsterdam became the center of world trade. The Dutch East India Company, global shipping routes, and early stock markets turned it into a financial powerhouse.
6. Detroit, United States (1950s)
By the 1950s, Detroit was one of the wealthiest cities in America thanks to the automobile industry. Its factories helped build the modern middle class and transformed manufacturing worldwide.